| Technology | Description | Type | Country | Ecosystem |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afforestation on takyrs | Reforestation of takyrs is conducted by sowing seeds on a ploughed soil strip and in places where it is impossible to use a tractor, by saplings without soil processing | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Turkmenistan | Mountains |
| Agro-ameliorative passport | Agro-ameliorative passport of farmer's field, including full infor-mation on soil ameliorative and climatic conditions of the field, topography, nutrients, salinity, etc, is a demonstration tool for decision-making for efficient agricultural production | Increasing capacity of land users/environmental education | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Agroforestry | It is an agroforestry system in which leguminous and cereal crops plant in inter-rows of fruit trees, providing both production of fruits and at the same time soil conservation | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Tajikistan | Irrigated Rainfed Mountains |
| Alfalfa | Direct seeding of alfalfa on rain-fed and irrigated lands of southern Kazakhstan using domestic and foreign seeders | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Kazakhstan | Irrigated Rainfed |
| Amelioration | Plantation of salt-tolerant tree species, mainly with nitrogen-fixation and high bio-drainage capacities is established on arable areas unused due to a strong salinization and waterlogging | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Amelioration strips | The diagonal-grouping way of creation of agroforestry-ameliorative strips forms an effective design of plantings and considerably reduces expenses on creation and the maintenance of a forest belt | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Kazakhstan | Rainfed |
| Anti-erosion preparation | The technology of soil protection from irrigational erosion based on use of anti-erosive preparation | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Bio-drainage | An approach to lower groundwater levels by means of forest plantations, which intercept infiltration water and groundwater by roots and spend them for transpiration | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Tajikistan | Irrigated |
| Biogas | The technology is based on the use of biogas waste products as highly effective environmentally friendly organic fertilizer for farmers’ fields | Increase of soil fertility | Uzbekistan | Irrigated Rainfed Mountains |
| Community forestry | Tenants – local inhabitants in cooperation with district forest management agencies did reforestation works in the degraded forest sites on mutually advantageous conditions | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Uzbekistan | Mountains |
| Composting | Composting of organic wastes and other materials during the process of microbiologial decomposition of organic matter allows obtaining economically viable, ecologically clean organic fertilizer, containing main nutritional elements and microelements essen | Increase of soil fertility | Tajikistan | Irrigated Rainfed Mountains |
| Conservation agriculture | Zero-tillage technology is the process of growing crops without soil cultivation and harvesting of residues of previous crops | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Kazakhstan | Rainfed |
| Contour irrigation | Irrigation by furrows cut with small slope to the land horizontals (contour irrigation) reduces risk of soil erosion by reducing the speed of water flow in irrigation furrows | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Kyrgyzstan | Irrigated |
| Cotton irrigation | Irrigation of cotton by furrows, screened by the perforated po-lyethylene film, essentially reduces water losses through evapo-ration, gaseous losses of nitrogen from mineral fertilizers and prevents development of weed vegetation | Management of water demand (improving of furrow irrigation and resource-saving irrigation technologies) | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Cross-processing of land | The complex of agro-technical measures for soil processing on steep slopes promotes an increase of absorption and accumulation of moisture in soil, thereby reducing surface runoff and preventing erosion of sloping land | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Kyrgyzstan | Irrigated Rainfed |
| Drainage ditches | Drainage ditches on the arable land located on abrupt slopes are made for the purpose of disposal of rain water and prevention of soil erosion | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Tajikistan | Rainfed |
| Drip irrigation | A primitive method of drip irrigation provides water supply under each plant by means of the gauze cord, which takes water from the water-filled inter-row spacing covered by a polyethylene film | Management of water demand (improving of furrow irrigation and resource-saving irrigation technologies) | Tajikistan | Irrigated |
| Early spring irrigation | Early irrigation of fields and pastures for the purpose of creation of moisture storages in the soil for a dry season in the Southern Kazakhstan | Improving rangeland/fodder production | Kazakhstan | Pasture |
| Earth crusting | Soil preparation using a special form of the roller allows preventing soil crusting and avoid cotton replanting | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Turkmenistan | Irrigated |
| Establishing fences | The site located at a foot of a narrow valley was cleared of sto-nes, protected by a stone wall along the perimeter and surroun-ded with poplars for protection of a site | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Tajikistan | Irrigated Rainfed Mountains |
| Farmer schools | Farmer field schools (PPS) are organized with the purpose of completion of gaps in knowledge of farmers of implementation of sustainable agricultural agro-technologies, irrigation water and prevention of land degradation | Increasing capacity of land users/environmental education | Tajikistan | Irrigated Rainfed Mountains |
| Fertigation | Application of mineral fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus and po-tassium) and weed / pest-killer chemicals in a liquid state, com-bining with irrigations, substantially enhances their efficacy | Increase of soil fertility | Kyrgyzstan | Irrigated |
| Field schools | Training of agrotechnical and ameliorative methods of soil improvement and increase of their productive capacity to farmers by specially prepared instructors (from local experts) within the frame of Field farmer schools (FFS) | Increasing capacity of land users/environmental education | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Fixating sands | Stabilization of moving sand by standing mechanical protection and planting of bushes around settlements in the Central Kara-kum | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Turkmenistan | Pasture |
| Forest management | Protection and restoration of the state forest based on joint long-term agreements between the State forestry committee and local forest users | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Tajikistan | Irrigated Rainfed Mountains |
| Forest plantations | Collecting an atmospheric precipitation by means of establishing of artificial trenches on slopes of mountains and hills for creation moisture storages in the soil around root system of the crops planted in a bottom of trenches | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Turkmenistan | Pasture |
| Forest shelterbelts | Establishing forest field-protecting windbreaks provides op-timum protection of soils and rainfed cropland from drought, dry winds and wind erosion, increases their productivity | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Kazakhstan | Rainfed |
| Fruit crops | A special irrigation system with the holes in the irrigation pipes, into which the prepared cuttings of fruit crops and grapes are directly planted, is used for the cultivation of high-quality standard seedlings | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Turkmenistan | Irrigated Mountains |
| Fruit plots | The site of the pasture on hills degraded as a result of a over-grazing is fenced and prepared for cultivation of grapes, fruits and herbs by an establishment of terraces, application of manure, planting of trees and irrigation | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Tajikistan | Rainfed Pasture Mountains |
| Furrow irrigation | Vegetative irrigations are carried out by changing furrows and ridges (alternation of irrigation furrows and newly created furrows in place of ridges). Thus irrigating water is rationally used and water use efficiency in the field increases | Management of water demand (improving of furrow irrigation and resource-saving irrigation technologies) | Turkmenistan | Irrigated |
| Giant reed | Agrotechnology of cultivation of giant reed (Arundo donax) for protection of households against winds and dust, and the various economic purposes | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Turkmenistan | Pasture |
| Gray-meadow soils | The complex of agro-technical measures, including excessive application norms of organic fertilizers and alternation of crops (with introduction of repeated and intermediate crops) and use of crop residues as organic fertilizers provides an increase of so | Increase of soil fertility | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Greenhouse-thermos | Using the constant temperature of the earth at a certain depth inside the greenhouses allows saving costs for heating during cold seasons, facilitates maintenance, and creates a more stable climate | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Uzbekistan | Rainfed Pasture Mountains |
| Hanging gardens | Applying fine earth deposits rich with silty fractions into the soil under gardens on hillsides improves fertility of stony soils and increases productivity of „hanging gardens“ | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Tajikistan | Rainfed |
| Herbaceous crops | Cultivation of perennial herbs to improve unproductive arable land and as permanent crops to increase forage production | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Tajikistan | Mountains |
| Improved irrigation | Irrigation begins along the compacted furrows (into every second furrow). As the ends of irrigation furrows are closed, irrigation streams unite at the end of an irrigated field and overflow of irrigation water occurs automatically from more compacted to | Management of water demand (improving of furrow irrigation and resource-saving irrigation technologies) | Turkmenistan | Irrigated |
| Indigo | Indigofera (Indigofera tinctoria) contributes to the restoration of degraded saline land and synthesizes a natural dye, which is in high demand in the global market | Increase of soil fertility | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Irrigation in furrows | Irrigation of narrow-row crops and continuous crops (wheat, alfalfa, annual herbs, etc.) by sowing furrows considerably reduces (or completely prevents) soil erosion on slopes | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Kyrgyzstan | Irrigated |
| Irrigation of cotton | To decrease an irrigational erosion in the tail-end parts of furrows, winter wheat straws are applied, which serve as sort of a brake for moving water, thereby reducing surface discharge and leaching of nutrients | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Irrigation using bottles | Polyethylene bottles for irrigation are applied as small reservoirs for water or as calibrated water-carrying tubes in the heads of irrigation furrows | Management of water demand (improving of furrow irrigation and resource-saving irrigation technologies) | Kyrgyzstan | Rainfed Mountains |
| Joint initiative | Joint initiative of neighboring land users to prevent soil erosion of the arable land located on abrupt slopes | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Tajikistan | Irrigated Rainfed Pasture Mountains |
| Licorice | Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) possesses high environment-optimizing function, enriching soil with organic matter and improving physical and chemical properties and biological activity of the soil, provides the basis for sustainable reproduction of fert | Increase of soil fertility | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Localized irrigation | Garden crops are irrigated from a local irrigation installation located in a zone of distribution of root system, which is periodically filled by imported water | Management of water demand (improving of furrow irrigation and resource-saving irrigation technologies) | Turkmenistan | Rainfed |
| Mapping | Mapping (development of maps of pasture sites) of pasture use as a basis for the balanced distribution of livestock depending on capacity of the pastures and seasonality of their use, with participation of all interested parties | Improving rangeland/fodder production | Kyrgyzstan | Irrigated Rainfed Pasture Mountains |
| Melon crops | Cultivation of watermelons under a plastic film protects seedlings from spring frosts, creates an optimum temperature for development of plants and ensures early, high yields | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Kyrgyzstan | Irrigated |
| Melons crops | Sowing melon crops is conducted in the middle of the soil strips of the required width, loosened to a certain depth for a better accumulation of precipitation and its use by the root system of plants | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Turkmenistan | Irrigated Rainfed |
| Mineralized water | Cultivation of fodder and a number of food crops in the Kyzyl Kum Desert on the basis of irrigation with mineralized water from a self-streaming artesian well | Improving rangeland/fodder production | Uzbekistan | Pasture |
| Mini-strips | Establishing mini strips during wheat sowing improves field le-veling and allows to carry out vegetative irrigations only along the mini strips, providing uniformity of soil moisture and saving of irrigation water | Management of water demand (improving of furrow irrigation and resource-saving irrigation technologies) | Turkmenistan | Irrigated |
| Minimum tillage | Minimum soil tillage with discs to a depth of 10-12 cm creates a loose soil layer, ensures the preservation of productive moisture before planting crops, and prevents soil compaction | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Kyrgyzstan | Irrigated Rainfed Mountains |
| Monitoring of pasture | Systematic assessment of pastures for timely identification of changes of conditions and productivity under the influence of both anthropogenic and climatic factors, and elimination of negative processes | Improving rangeland/fodder production | Kyrgyzstan | Pasture |
| Monitoring technologies | Use of aerospace images and ground monitoring for assessment of ecological and reclamation conditions of pasture areas and operative decision-making | Improving rangeland/fodder production | Kazakhstan | Pasture |
| Mulching | Technology offers the combined cultivation of technical crop - cotton and food crop - mung bean using resource-saving technologies of soil processing | Increase of soil fertility | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Mulching the soil | Soil mulching with transparent plastic film for growing cotton is a method of heat amelioration, which regulates the temperature of the root zone, and has an integrated and a positive effect on the water-physical soil properties, water regime and microbio | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Mulching vineyards | Covering of surface of terraces with a mowed grass prevents soil from erosion, preserves moisture, improves soil properties | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Tajikistan | Rainfed |
| Multi-layered irrigation | Multilevel irrigation allows for consistent use of runoff from the upstream irrigation sites for irrigation of downstream sites and only runoff from furrows of the last level discharged out of the area | Management of water demand (improving of furrow irrigation and resource-saving irrigation technologies) | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Nano-agroameliorative techniques | Increased sustainability of plants to extreme environmental con-ditions based on low-volume products-adaptogens with specified multifunctional properties according to ST TOO 15118730-01-2006 | Increase of soil fertility | Kazakhstan | Irrigated Rainfed |
| Orgamineral fertilizers | New organic-mineral fertilizers produced on the basis of the secondary resources (glauconite, low-quality phosphorites and phosphorite flour) by composting with manure, as well as bio-humus with an addition of minerals are used for optimization of propert | Increase of soil fertility | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Pasture improvement | Restoration of the degraded pastures and increase of their efficiency by the organization of pasturing animal husbandry and introduction of pasture rotation | Improving rangeland/fodder production | Kazakhstan | Pasture |
| Pasture use | Joint planning of pasture use is a participation of all interested parties in the process of balanced distribution of cattle depending on capacity of pastures and seasonality of their use | Improving rangeland/fodder production | Kyrgyzstan | Pasture |
| Pistachio plantations | Establishment of pistachio plantations on gentle slopes to in-crease soil productive functions, prevention of degradation and productivity restoration of landscapes in foothill arid zone | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Uzbekistan | Rainfed Pasture Mountains |
| Planting agr. crops | Crop planting in ridges is carried out by a special seeder, which simultaneously forms ridges, plants along and between the ridges, makes furrows for irrigation, stimulating a reduction in irrigation erosion and reduction of irrigation water use | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Kyrgyzstan | Irrigated |
| Poplar trees | Establishing of forest strips from salt-tolerant poplar species in a complex with construction of a small drainage network for dis-posal of groundwater provides decrease of waterlogging and soil salinization | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Kyrgyzstan | Rainfed |
| Poultry dung | Various methods of processing poultry dung allow to convert it into a valuable and highly-nutritional fertilizer that can be used under any crops both as a main fertilizer and as extranutrition | Increase of soil fertility | Tajikistan | Irrigated Rainfed Mountains |
| Preparation of field | Integrated preparation of an irrigated field including the contour and ameliorative organization of the territory, field leveling or micro-leveling, soil plowing and processing across a slope accu-mulates a winter and spring precipitation and prevents hor | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Kyrgyzstan | Irrigated |
| Rocky soils | A proper treatment of shallow soils plays an important role in obtaining high stable yields on such soils. The conventional mold-board plowing does not provide a high level of productivity of land use. One of the effective methods is the cultivation of fr | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Kyrgyzstan | Irrigated Rainfed Mountains |
| Rotation of pastures | Improvement of the scheme of cattle grazing provides restorati-on of pastoral vegetation and observance of a normative load on pastures | Improving rangeland/fodder production | Uzbekistan | Pasture |
| Rural schools | Carrying out tender process on implementation of the corres-ponding SLM practice | Increasing capacity of land users/environmental education | Tajikistan | Irrigated Rainfed Pasture Mountains |
| Safflower | Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a drought- and heat-resistant crop, the biological characteristics of which and its adaptive capacity correspond most to the rigid climatic condi-tions of Tajikistan. Safflower is a multi-purpose crop (oil is used fo | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Tajikistan | Rainfed |
| Sainfoin | Soil fertility conservation through cultivation of sainfoin | Increase of soil fertility | Kyrgyzstan | Rainfed Mountains |
| Saline soils | The technology includes a set of technical, agronomic and institutional measures aimed at enhancing the productive functions of irrigated land | Increase of soil fertility | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| School forestry | Establishment and activity of school forestry areas based on fo-restry enterprises and comprehensive schools for youth involve-ment in nature protection activity | Increasing capacity of land users/environmental education | Kazakhstan | Rainfed Mountains |
| Secondary salinization | The complex of agro-technical measures, including excessive application norms of organic fertilizers, diversification of crops in cotton-wheat system and the use of crop residues as organic fertilizers prevents secondary salinization processes and provide | Increase of soil fertility | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Seed plot | Improvement of pastures by establishing of seed farming sites and additional sowing of perennial bean and cereal herbs | Improving rangeland/fodder production | Kazakhstan | Pasture |
| Shelterbelts | Strips from oleaster plantations serve as protection of irrigated land against strong winds | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Tajikistan | Irrigated |
| SLM technologies | Workshops on risk management of emergence of natural disasters by community for definition of places of realization of SLM tech-nologies | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Tajikistan | Irrigated Rainfed Pasture Mountains |
| Solanaceous crops | Mulching beds with black polyethylene film and nested seeding of tomato, pepper, eggplant and other crops into holes allows cultivating solanaceous crops by a non-seedling method | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Solonets soils | The technology is based on the use of phosphogypsum to improve the physical-chemical soil properties | Increase of soil fertility | Kazakhstan | Irrigated |
| Sowing of cotton | The proposed technology of the field preparation and sowing of cotton along the ridges formed over the bottom of the leaching furrows, provides plants with favorable water-salt regime through the use of better leached areas in the bottom of the leached fu | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Turkmenistan | Irrigated |
| Sowing of cotton | Cotton is sown into the bottom of the original furrow, irrigation applications are carried out by alternating irrigation furrows with newly created furrows in place of the ridges | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Turkmenistan | Irrigated |
| Sub-irrigation | Reclamative - moisture enhancing, bilaterally functioning system provides irrigation of areas by a method of sub-irrigation | Management of water demand (improving of furrow irrigation and resource-saving irrigation technologies) | Kyrgyzstan | Irrigated |
| Subsoil irrigation | Water is supplied a defined soil layer from the humidifiers estab-lished in a zone of bulk of crop roots (in the depth of 50-70 cm), which provides stable optimal soil moisture replenishment during the whole irrigation period | Management of water demand (improving of furrow irrigation and resource-saving irrigation technologies) | Turkmenistan | Irrigated |
| Support of SLM | The use of the sub-district level organizations for providing more effective, transparent and accountable services to farmers during the course of the project | Increasing capacity of land users/environmental education | Tajikistan | Irrigated Rainfed Pasture Mountains |
| Surface irrigation | The rational setup of discharging irrigation furrows and tempora-ry sprinklers, and the improved technology of surface irrigation provide high uniformity of soil moisture distribution along the length of furrows and high efficiency of irrigation without e | Cultivation of slopes, erosion prevention | Kyrgyzstan | Irrigated |
| Terraced creek | The traditional method of ancestors, called "oshtonakdzhuybor" is a downhill water movement by means of construction of a stream from a hillside, allowing to do gardening on abrupt slopes in conditions of lack of productive land | Management of water demand (improving of furrow irrigation and resource-saving irrigation technologies) | Tajikistan | Irrigated Rainfed |
| Tree planting | Reforestation on small-hill sands includes planting of the appro-priate varieties of drought-resistant tree species without soil processing | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Turkmenistan | Mountains |
| Verticompost | Biohumus or caprolit is obtained by processing of fresh manure by red California worms in the special trench | Increase of soil fertility | Kyrgyzstan | Irrigated Rainfed Mountains |
| Village committees | The described approach promotes establishing of the con-tractual relations between rural committees and local authorities with a purpose of implementation of the decentralized management of the tugai forest on state stock lands | Agroforestry-amelioration, agroforesty, reforestation/improving of soil vegetation cover | Tajikistan | Irrigated Rainfed Mountains |
| Wheat in the cracks | Sowing of wheat in the bottom of the soil cracks, which are made using crack-making machinery, contributes to the accumulation of precipitation and efficient use of soil moisture, providing multiple sprouts, protects against dry winds in the early stages | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Turkmenistan | Irrigated |
| Wheat in the inter-rows | Without waiting for the final harvest of raw cotton from the fields, sowing of winter wheat is conducted in the inter-rows of cotton without primary soil tillage | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Uzbekistan | Irrigated |
| Zero technology | Raised-bed - zero technology is a combination of the technology of growing crops on ridges with zero (minimum) tillage, ie cropping in "permanent ridges and furrows" | Improving methods of sowing/planting crops and soil tillage | Kazakhstan | Irrigated |
